기후변화 국제 규범과 미국의 국내 선호 형성 과정

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to explain the national preference for climate change norms in the United States focusing on the framing of climate change as a political issue and the translation into the domestic political process. Even though climate change emerged as a major international political issue in the late 1980s and is acknowledged as an environmental threat, there was still variation not only in the international arena but also in the domestic political responses. While several states accepted climate change norms and these norms are domestically salient, the United States rejected internationally formed normative commitment. This article suggests that national preference for international norms of climate change in the United States is formed in the contest process between advocates and opponents of climate change norms and seeks to explain it on the basis of norm-centered constructivism. While advocates' claims have not been salient in the United States, cost and equity arguments of opponent are accepted at large. After a long debate, there were some signs of convergence between advocates' and opponents' framing of climate change in terms of the importance of technology development and voluntary, market-based action in reducing CO2. It is plausible to suggest that the climate change norms fail to be salient in the United States and this seems to point to the importance of early framing of normative issue and debate.