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Cytokine Changes and Tryptophan Metabolites in Medication-Naive and Medication-Free Schizophrenic Patients

Authors
Kim, Yong-KuMyint, Aye-MuVerkerk, RobertScharpe, SimonSteinbusch, HarryLeonard, Brian
Issue Date
2009
Publisher
KARGER
Keywords
Cytokine; Inflammatory response; Tryptophan; Tryptophan breakdown; Schizophrenia
Citation
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, v.59, no.2, pp.123 - 129
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY
Volume
59
Number
2
Start Page
123
End Page
129
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/122096
DOI
10.1159/000213565
ISSN
0302-282X
Abstract
Cytokine imbalances especially between T helper type (Th) 1 and Th2 and tryptophan breakdown were reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The hyperactive inflammatory response system could induce enhanced tryptophan breakdown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cytokine changes, tryptophan breakdown parameter changes and clinical parameters in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with normal controls. In the plasma of schizophrenic patients, Th1-specific interferon-gamma was significantly higher (F = 7.485, p = 0.007) and Th2-specific interleukin (IL)-4 was significantly lower (F = 126.327, p < 0.0001). The Th1-related cytokine IL-2 was lower (F = 5.409, p = 0.021) but tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Th2-related IL-6 were higher (F = 95.004, p < 0.0001 and F = 408.176, p < 0.0001, respectively) in the plasma of schizophrenic patients. After 6 weeks of treatment, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced (t = -3.762, p < 0.0001 and z = -2.668, p = 0.008). At the time of admission, plasma tryptophan concentrations were lower (F = 6.339, p = 0.012) in schizophrenic patients and were negatively correlated with the total positive symptoms score (r(2) = -0.343, p = 0.004). After 6 weeks of medication, both plasma tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations were increased (t = -2.937, p = 0.005 and t = -3.214, p = 0.002, respectively). The findings of this study indicate a hyperactive pro-inflammatory response inducing a change in tryptophan metabolism that might be related to the development of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
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