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Thyroid hormones affect recovery from depression during antidepressant treatment

Authors
Pae, Chi-UnMandelli, LauraHan, ChangsuHam, Byung-JooMasand, Prakash S.Patkar, Ashwin A.Steffens, David C.De Ronchi, DianaSerretti, Alessandro
Issue Date
2009
Publisher
WILEY
Keywords
antidepressant treatment; correlation; depression; thyroid hormone
Citation
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, v.63, no.3, pp.305 - 313
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
Volume
63
Number
3
Start Page
305
End Page
313
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/122106
DOI
10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01938.x
ISSN
1323-1316
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether thyroid hormonal changes during menopause may affect the development and the course of major depressive disorder. Methods: Thirty-nine female patients (n = 17 in premenopause; n = 22 in post-menopause) with major depressive disorder based on Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) criteria and who were euthyroid and not on hormonal replacement therapy, participated in a prospective, 6-week, open-label naturalistic study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire were administered at baseline, week 1, week 3, and week 6. Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine were collected at baseline visit. Results: In the whole sample, particularly in pre-menopausal women, levels of thyroid stimulating hormone-potential markers of subclinical hypothyroidism were correlated with those of less severe but more resistant depressive form. Conversely, total thyroxine levels were correlated with a more severe depression, but high levels of this hormone favored the response to antidepressants. Overall, a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a poor response to antidepressant treatment. Finally, total triiodothyronine levels were associated with better cognitive functioning, though they did not influence improvement occurring with recovery. Conclusions: Our study suggests that thyroid hormones may have an impact on severity and efficacy of antidepressant treatment. However, our result should be considered with caution and merely as a suggestion due to some methodological limitations. Hence further studies are required to better ascertain the role of thyroid hormones in depression after menopause.
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