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Risk Factors of Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in Korea: Focus on Early Symptoms

Authors
Jang, Su YeonSeon, Jeong-YeonEun, Baik-LinKoh, Seong-BeomYoo, Jin-HongLee, Woo YongYum, Ho-KeeYoon, Seok-JunOh, In-HwanBae, Sang-CheolChang, Sung-Goo
Issue Date
10-5월-2021
Publisher
KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Risk Factors; Signs and Symptoms; Korea
Citation
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE, v.36, no.18, pp.1 - 14
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
Volume
36
Number
18
Start Page
1
End Page
14
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/128043
DOI
10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e132
ISSN
1011-8934
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the globe, and it is important to determine the risk factors of death in the general population. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of death and severe illness requiring supplemental oxygen therapy based on the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Korea. Methods: In this study, we used data provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) and analyzed a total of 5,068 patients with COVID-19, excluding 19 pregnant women and 544 individuals with missing data. We performed logistic regression analysis to determine the impact of early symptoms on survival and severe disease. Logistic regression models included sex, age, number of comorbidities, symptoms on admission, blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature as explanatory variables, and death and oxygen therapy as outcome variables. Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that the male sex, older age (>= 60 years), higher number of comorbidities, presence of symptoms on admission, heart rate >= 120 bpm, and body temperature >= 37.5 degrees C presented with higher risk of in-hospital death and oxygen therapy requirement. Conversely, rhinorrhea and headache were associated with a low risk of death and oxygen therapy requirement. The findings showed that cough, sputum, and fever were the most common symptoms on admission, while 25.3% of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with high-risk early symptoms on admission, such as dyspnea and altered mental status, and those without low-risk symptoms of rhinorrhea and headache should be included in priority treatment groups.
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