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Current Understanding of the Roles of CD1a-Restricted T Cells in the Immune System

Authors
Yoo, Hyun JungKim, Na YoungKim, Ji Hyung
Issue Date
5월-2021
Publisher
KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY
Keywords
CD1 molecules; CD1a; inflammatory skin diseases; lipid antigens; lipid-reactive T cells
Citation
MOLECULES AND CELLS, v.44, no.5, pp.310 - 317
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
MOLECULES AND CELLS
Volume
44
Number
5
Start Page
310
End Page
317
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/128099
DOI
10.14348/molcells.2021.0059
ISSN
1016-8478
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) is a family of cell-surface glycoproteins that present lipid antigens to T cells. Humans have five CD1 isoforms. CD1a is distinguished by the small volume of its antigen-binding groove and its stunted A' pocket, its high and exclusive expression on Langerhans cells, and its localization in the early endosomal and recycling intracellular trafficking compartments. Its ligands originate from self or foreign sources. There are three modes by which the T-cell receptors of CD1a-restricted T cells interact with the CD1a:lipid complex: they bind to both the CD1a surface and the antigen or to only CD1a itself, which activates the T cell, or they are unable to bind because of bulky motifs protruding from the antigen-binding groove, which might inhibit autoreactive T-cell activation. Recently, several studies have shown that by producing T(H)2 or T(H)17 cytokines, CD1arestricted T cells contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and wasp/bee venom allergy. They may also participate in other diseases, including pulmonary disorders and cancer, because CD1a-expressing dendritic cells are also located in non-skin tissues. In this mini-review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the biology of CD1a-reactive T cells and their potential roles in disease.
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