‘전후’(1954~1965) 한국사회의 현대성 인식과 생활양식의 재구성

Abstract

This study focuses on the changes in the perceptions of modernity and the restructuring of lifestyles that took place within Korean society after the war. Such an undertaking is designed to develop a historical perception of the emergence of the ‘developmental nationalism' which emerged within society during the period when the Park Chunghee government fully implemented rapid economic growth during the 1960s. In addition, it is regarded as an attempt to prove the social basis of the fascism-based modernization policy in that developmental nationalism reflected the 'fascism-based modernization policy'. The changes in intellectuals' perceptions of modernity and lifestyle in Korean society after the war were greatly influenced by the cultural Cold War designed by the U.S, government. During this process, the American lifestyle, which the U.S. government intended to spread within Korean society in the name of the 'Democratic lifestyle', played the role of a catalyst for the emergence of the fascism-based modernization policy in Korean society after the war. In addition, the perceptions of the intellectuals, who had criticized the conflicts created by the Cold War under the reality of Korea and identified democracy and humanism as the supreme values, moved towards the acceptance of the United States, the designer of the Cold War order, as a war criminal and in accordance with the fascism-based policy line. This can be regarded as the irony and tragedy of the restructuring of modernity and lifestyle that occurred in the Korean society after the war.