‘일본율령국가’의 도시 ‘평성궁･경(平城宮･京)’ 연구

Abstract

Ancient East Asian countries had the rulers called ‘Emperor(皇帝)’, ‘King(王)’, ‘Japanese emperor(天皇)’ depending on the circumstances of each country, so the space of the rulers was different accordingly. The space where the rulers resided is called Metropolis(都), Capital(首都), Capital city(都城), Palace(宮) and Capital(京), etc. The word of Capital sites(宮都) is used as the sum of all concepts of Throne rooms(宮室) or Main palace(宮殿) where Japanese emperor is living and Capital city(都城) which is the extension for rulers compassing those. ‘Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo,’ which was ‘Capital sites’ of the ancient Japan in 8th century, is very important in terms of s symbol of the reign as well as the central of the regime. For this reason, the works on the historical explanation about Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo is a very useful method and has an important meaning to understand Nara period(奈良時代). There is a need to mention that studies on Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo of Nara period not only succeeded studies of these scholars in the past but develops in the Urban History studies. It is hard to show the flow of urban history studies here, however, the various discussions on the cities of Asian communities, which are different from European cities and have features of divided economic structure and citizen autonomy, are shown in the Japanese urban history studies. Prior to this understanding, it is revealed there is Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo on the point where the ancient cities began. Furthermore, the meaning is examined focusing on the ‘Heijokyo Capital Area’, that is, the trail of Heijokyo Palace, which is historically valuable and well-maintained among areas of Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo. Also, the formation and development of Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo is considered with two parts of Heijokyo Palace and Heijokyo Capital, and the appearance of Heijokyo Palace and Heijokyo Capital in the ups and downs of political history is studied. At last, the reason of the transformation of Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo is examined focusing on the issues of the ancient cities. This study features that there are efforts to think about the cases of previous Japanese Old Capital hujiwarakyo(藤原宮･京) and later Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo(平安宮･京) with the view of environmental history studies, for the issues of urban life in Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo.