냉전시대 남북 분단국가의 문화정체성 모색과 ‘냉전 민족주의’

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of the formation of a cultural identity of the divided North and South Korea during the Cold War. And In doing so, I would like to reveal that the emergence and transformation of 'Cold War nationalism' was deeply intertwined with the intervention of the Cold War hegemons, the US and USSR. There was the possibility of conflict between the hegemons which pursued a solid integration of the Cold war camp and new nation-states which pursued an equal status as a sovereign nation in the Cold War era. South Korea and North Korea were representative examples of the conflicts and ruptures, that emerged between hegemon states of the Cold War camp and nation state. Political conflicts between hegemons and divided states on the Korean peninsula quickly transferred to the sphere of culture because the relationship between the cultural and political realm was so deep and inseparable. In other words, the influence of the US and USSR were so deeply and powerfully to the extent that the both divided countries could not make a cultural identity without the culture of the hegemon. That means the two divided states had faced serious obstacles against making a national identity as the starting point of the nation state and sovereign state. Two divided states criticized influences this hegemonic influence in the late 1950's and in the early 1960's, and reached the stages to promulgate the making of a ‘civilization state’. Nevertheless, both states could not resolve ‘Cold War nationalism’ but rather made a ‘garrison state’. Ultimately, the two divided states could not overcome the national security crises created by the hegemons.