Dynamic thermal imaging for pigmented basal cell carcinoma and seborrheic keratosis

Abstract

Background Clinical differentiation between pigmented basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and seborrheic keratosis (SK) can sometimes be difficult. Noninvasive diagnostic technologies, such as thermal imaging, can be helpful in these situations. This study explored the use of dynamic thermal imaging (DTI), which records thermal images after the application of external thermal stimuli (heat or cold) for the differential diagnosis of pigmented BCC and SK. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with pigmented BCC and 15 patients with SK participated in this study. Dynamic thermal images of lesions (pigmented BCC or SK) and control sites (contralateral normal skin) were recorded after the heat and cold stimuli. Temperature changes in the region of interest (ROI) are plotted as a thermal response graph. After fitting an exponential equation to each thermal response graph, the rate constants were compared between groups (pigmented BCC versus control, SK versus control). Results The thermal response graphs revealed that the average temperature of pigmented BCC showed faster thermal recovery to baseline than the control site. There was a significant difference in the rate constants of the fitted exponential equations between the pigmented BCCs and the control sites (p<.001). However, we did not find a significantly different thermal recovery pattern between SK lesions and control sites. Conclusions DTI can be used as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing pigmented BCC from SK by comparing thermal recovery patterns between target lesions (pigmented BCC or SK) and the control site.