‘고려강수(高麗綱首)’ 탁영(卓榮)ㆍ서덕영(徐德榮) 관련 사료의 재검토

Abstract

This is a preliminary study to verify a claim that Song dogang, head of private army of tradesmen in Song Dynasty, became naturalized and worked in Goryeo. We examined records relating to Takyoung and Seo Deokyoung who were titled as ‘Goryeo gangsu’ in the section on Goryeo in the book ‘Songsa(宋史: Songshi).’ Both Takyoung and Seo Deokyoung were seen as tradesmen from Song whether records in ‘Goryeosa’ and documents on the history of Song Dynasty were interpreted separately or examined together. Next we investigated what kinds of activities Song dogang engaged in as appeared in documents on Goryeo Dynasty. According to ‘Daegakguksajip’ written by a Buddhist priest Euicheon who was active during the reign by King Munjong through King Sukjong, The title ‘dogang’ was frequently used to indicate people who went back and forth between Goryeo and Song to help exchanges of letters and goods between Euicheon and Song priests. The title ‘gangsu’ also appeared in the documents. ‘Dogang’ was widely used by Goryeo people, and priests of Song Dynasty also used ‘dogang’ instead of ‘gangsu’ influenced by Euicheon. No difference is observed between ‘dogang’ and ‘gangsu’, and records could not be found that these people became naturalized in Goryeo and then traveled to Song. Clearly Takyoung and Seo Deokyoung were called ‘gangsu’ from Goryeo because a compiler of ‘Songsa’ added ‘Goryeo’ to aid understanding of original documents, and it does not mean that the two people were Goryeo people. They conducted diplomatic activities going back and forth between the two countries, but it was one of many tasks that marine tradesmen took on additionally, and in fact, such status gave a significant reason for being unable to be naturalized in Goryeo. ‘Goryeo gangsu’ needs to be understood as emphasizing expertise on trade with Goryeo among marine tradesmen from Song dynasty who went through the port of Myeongju(明州: mingzhou), rather than as tradesmen from Goryeo.