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Electroactive Fe-biochar for redox-related remediation of arsenic and chromium: Distinct redox nature with varying iron/carbon speciation

Authors
Xu, ZiboWan, ZhonghaoSun, YuqingGao, BinHou, DeyiCao, XindeKomarek, MichaelOk, Yong SikTsang, Daniel C. W.
Issue Date
15-5월-2022
Publisher
ELSEVIER
Keywords
Engineered biochar; Reduction-oxidation; Mineral transformation; Electron transfer; Sustainable waste management
Citation
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, v.430
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume
430
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/143059
DOI
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128479
ISSN
0304-3894
Abstract
Electroactive Fe-biochar has attracted significant attention for As(III)/Cr(VI) immobilization through redox reactions, and its performance essentially lies in the regulation of various Fe/C moieties for desired redox performance. Here, a series of Fe-biochar with distinct Fe/C speciation were rationally produced via two-step pyrolysis of iron minerals and biomass waste at 400-850 degrees C (BCX-Fe-Y, X and Y represented the first- and second-step pyrolysis temperature, respectively). The redox transformation of Cr(VI) and As(III) by Fe-biochar was evaluated in simulated wastewater under oxic or anoxic conditions. Results showed that more effective Cr(VI) reduction could be achieved by BCX-Fe-400, while a higher amount of As (III) was oxidized by BCX-Fe-850 under the anoxic environment. Besides, BCX-Fe-400 could generate more reactive oxygen species (e.g., center dot OH) by reducing the O-2, which enhanced the redox-related transformation of pollutants under the oxic situation. The evolving redox performance of Fe-biochar was governed by the transition of the redox state from reductive to oxidative related to the Fe/C speciation. The small-sized amorphous/low-crystalline ferrous minerals contributed to a higher electron-donating capacity (0.43-1.28 mmol g(-1)) of BCX-Fe-400. In contrast, the oxidative surface oxygen-functionalities (i.e., carboxyl and quinoid) on BCX-Fe-850 endowed a stronger electron-accepting capacity (0.71-1.39 mmol g(-1)). Moreover, the graphitic crystallites with edge-type defects and porous structure facilitated the electron transfer, leading to a higher electron efficiency of BCX-Fe-850. Overall, we unveiled the roles of both Fe and C speciation in maneuvering the redox reactivity of Fe-biochar, which can advance our rational design of electroactive Fe-biochar for redox-related environmental remediation.
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