Effectiveness of salification against shuttle effect in p-type organic batteries: Case studies of triflimide and iodide salts of N, N '-dimethylphenazine
- Authors
- Lau, Vincent Wing-hei; Zhang, Jiliang; Lee, Chang-Gi; Kang, Yong-Mook
- Issue Date
- 15-10월-2022
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
- Keywords
- Organic batteries; Intermolecular interactions; Nitrogen heterocycles electrochemistry; Redox chemistry
- Citation
- CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, v.446
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
- Volume
- 446
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/143308
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137292
- ISSN
- 1385-8947
- Abstract
- Salification is one solubility reduction strategy for limiting the deleterious shuttle effect in organic batteries, although its applicability for oxidizable (p-type) cationic compounds is less established. Using as case studies the salts N,N'-dimethylphenazinium iodide, [DMPZ] [I], and triflimide, [DMPZ] [TFSI], we demonstrate that solubility reduction by the anion does not necessarily translate into improved battery performance. As exemplified by the formation of the well-known I-/I-2 shuttle in [DMPZ] [I] cathode, intermolecular interactions that reduce solubility can be lost as state-of-charge changes during redox reaction (i.e. charge/discharge). Another point of consideration is the compatibility in terms of (electro)chemical stability of the electrode components and the charge/discharge parameters when placed together within a cell, even if they are individually stable. Here, the iodide salt underwent decomposition within the literature-optimized electrolyte to form a cathode-electrolyte interface, encapsulating the redox-active compound and changing the charge storage mechanism to one of pseudo-capacitance, thus deteriorating capacity retention. Considering the multitude of requirements as listed here, salification appears challenging to implement for improving battery performance for p-type molecular compounds.
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