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Regional Metabolic Changes Influencing Three-Dimensional Perception in Parkinson's Diseaseopen access

Authors
Park, YoonahPark, Kun-WooLee, Chan-Nyoung
Issue Date
7월-2022
Publisher
KOREAN NEUROLOGICAL ASSOC
Keywords
neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson' s disease; depth perception; vision disparity
Citation
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY, v.18, no.4, pp.447 - 452
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Volume
18
Number
4
Start Page
447
End Page
452
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/143387
DOI
10.3988/jcn.2022.18.4.447
ISSN
1738-6586
Abstract
Background and Purpose Stereopsis refers to the perception of depth and awareness of the distance of an object from the observer that results from the brain receiving visual stimuli from both eyes in combination. Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD patients) typically experience problems with vision, eyeball movements, and visual perception due to degeneration of the cells that generate dopamine in the brain. We therefore hypothesized that stereopsis is affected more by visual cortical dysfunction in idiopathic PD than by retina and subcortical structural dysfunction. Methods We analyzed stereopsis in 12 PD patients and 7 healthy controls using a three-dimensional (3D) television (TV). Before allowing patients to watch TV, we examined their visual acuity and strabismus using the Titmus Stereo Fly Test, and evaluated their cognitive function using cognitive tests. The patients watched 3D and two-dimensional (2D) versions of a movie with an approximate duration of 17 minutes, and then completed a questionnaire about stereopsis. All subjects underwent brain F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positronemission tomography after watching the 3D version of the movie. One week later, subjects watched the 2D version of the same movie under the same conditions. Each scan was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (version 8) software. Results The visual cortex was activated less in the PD patients than in the healthy controls when watching the 2D or 3D movie. However, there was no significant difference between watching 2D and 3D movies in the PD patients or healthy controls. Conclusions The lower activation of the primary visual cortex in PD patients suggests the presence of dysfunction of the visual cortex. In addition, there was less activation of the visual association cortex in PD patients when watching a 3D movie than in controls under the same conditions. This might be one reason why PD patients do not recognize real and dynamic stereopsis. These findings have clinical significance since they suggest that safety needs to be considered when making devices or programs using 3D or virtual reality for use by patients with various cerebral degenerative diseases.
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