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Reduction of Operating Current by Harnessing the Field- and Damping-Like Torque Ratios in Nonmagnet–Ferromagnet Heterojunctionsopen access

Authors
Lee, Min HyeokKim, Seok-JongYoon, Seok InLee, Jeong KyuKo, Han SeokKim, GyusangHong, SeokhieLee, Kyung-JinKim, Young Keun
Issue Date
Feb-2024
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Keywords
damping-like torque; field-like torque; heterojunctions; spin–orbit torque; true random number generators
Citation
Small Science, v.4, no.2
Indexed
SCOPUS
ESCI
Journal Title
Small Science
Volume
4
Number
2
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/199193
DOI
10.1002/smsc.202300224
ISSN
2688-4046
Abstract
"With the growing demand for high-speed electronic devices with low energy consumption, spin–orbit torque (SOT) has become a significant focus. SOT can switch the magnetization direction in a material system with broken inversion symmetry, such as a normal metal (NM)/ferromagnet (FM) heterojunction. The SOT consists of two mutually orthogonal vector components along with the injected current direction: the transverse damping-like torque (DLT) and the longitudinal field-like torque (FLT). Numerous studies have mainly centered on the DLT for the SOT switching mechanism. However, DLT and FLT are essential to enhance SOT efficiency because FLT boosts the magnetization precession motion. Herein, heterojunctions consisting of NM 1 (Ta, W, or Pt)/NM 2 (Nb)/FM (CoFeB) are devised to manipulate the FLT-to-DLT ratio (η) through the change in Nb thickness. Furthermore, experimental confirmation exists for reducing threshold current as η increases. The SOT devices with substantial η generate random numbers. The National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-90B test verifies randomness and confirms that the SOT devices are beneficial sources for true random number generators (TRNGs). These findings indicate the crucial role of FLT in the SOT switching process and underscore its significance in developing SOT-based TRNG devices. © 2023 The Authors. Small Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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