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Standardization of the Korean Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4)

Authors
Kim, Hyoun-WookShin, CheolminLee, Seung-HoonHan, Changsu
Issue Date
2월-2021
Publisher
KOREAN COLL NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Keywords
Patient Health Questionnaire-4; Standardization; Depression; Anxiety; Screening
Citation
CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE, v.19, no.1, pp.104 - 111
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE
Volume
19
Number
1
Start Page
104
End Page
111
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/49660
DOI
10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.104
ISSN
1738-1088
Abstract
Objective: The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) has been used for screening owing to ease of use and brevity. In this study, we developed the Korean version of the PHQ-4 and tested its validity. Methods: One hundred sixteen new adult outpatients at the Department of Psychiatry of the Korea University Ansan Hospital participated in the study. We simultaneously administered other depression/anxiety scales: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: The mean PHQ-4 score was 6.52 (standard deviation = 3.45). Cronbach's a was 0.792, and the intraclass correlation coefficient of test and 2-week interval retest was 0.827 (p < 0.01). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the PHQ-4 total score and other depression/anxiety scales were all over 0.6. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed acceptable convergent validity and reliability but questionable discriminant validity for some model fit values. Conclusion: The Korean version of the PHQ-4 has sufficient internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, but its two-factor structure showed incompleteness. However, we suggest that it should be used as a brief screening measure for common psychiatric distress that warrants further detailed assessment, but not to separately assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms.
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