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Renewable epoxy thermosets with extremely high biomass content from furan derivatives and their flame retardancy

Authors
Park, Hee-WoongToan, MaiKim, Hyung-JunLee, Jung-HyunShin, Seunghan
Issue Date
25-12월-2020
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
Keywords
Phosphorus; Biomass; Furan; Epoxy; Flame retardancy
Citation
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, v.92, pp.184 - 190
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Volume
92
Start Page
184
End Page
190
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/50769
DOI
10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.003
ISSN
1226-086X
Abstract
As renewable thermosets, a furan-based epoxy resin, 2,5-bis[(2-oxiranylmethoxy)methyl] furan (BOF), and a furan-based amine curing agent, difurfuryl diamine (DFDA), were synthesized using 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) and furfurylamine (FFAM), respectively. A novel phosphorus-containing, furan-based, flame-retardant epoxy (PFFE) was also synthesized using HMF, FFAM and diethylphosphite to improve the flame retardancy of BOF. PFFE had high biomass content and improved the flame retardancy of BOF because PFFE had both furan and phosphorous groups in its molecular structure. To observe the changes in the physical properties following the addition of PFFE, BOF and PFFE mixtures (BOF/PFFE), BOF, and a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were cured with DFDA, and their thermal, mechanical, and flame retardancy properties were measured and compared. The glass transition temperature, crosslinking density, and tensile strength of the (BOF/PFFE)-DFDA system were enhanced with increased amounts of PFFE. The BOF/PFFE mixture resin (1:1 by wt.) showed comparable tensile strength to DGEBA and had a higher tensile modulus due to the effect of increased crosslinking density and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Owing to the furan and phosphorus groups, (BOF/PFFE)DFDA showed remarkably improved flame retardancy by reducing the release of total heat, the rate of heat release, and the spread of fire. (C) 2020 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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