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Maladaptive Alterations of Defensive Response Following Developmental Complex Stress in Rats

Authors
Kim, JunhyungPark, MinkyungLee, ChiheonHa, Jung JinChoi, June-SeekKim, Chul HoonSeok, Jeong-Ho
Issue Date
8월-2020
Publisher
KOREAN COLL NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Keywords
Trauma; Animal model; Anxiety; Freezing reaction, cataleptic; Vocalization, animal
Citation
CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE, v.18, no.3, pp.412 - 422
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE
Volume
18
Number
3
Start Page
412
End Page
422
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/53848
DOI
10.9758/cpn.2020.18.3.412
ISSN
1738-1088
Abstract
Objective: Despite the etiological significance of complex developmental trauma in adult personality disorders and treatment-resistant depression, neurobiological studies have been rare due to the lack of useful animal models. As a first step, we devised an animal model to investigate the effects of multiple trauma-like stress during different developmental periods. Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into 3 groups based on the stress protocol: fear conditioning control (FCC, n = 6), complex stress (ComS, n = 9), and control (n = 6). While the ComS experienced three types of stress (maternal separation, juvenile isolation, electric foot shock), the FCC only experienced an electric foot shock stress and the control never experienced any. We compared fear responses at postnatal day (PND) 29 and PND 56 through freezing time per episode (FTpE), total freezing time (TFT), total freezing episodes (TFE), and ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Results: ComS showed the longest FTpE in the conditioned fear response test. ComS and FCC exhibited the longer TFT and these two groups only displayed USV. ComS show difference TFE between PND 29 and PND 56. Conclusion: The results of this investigation show that complex stress may affect not quantity of fear response but characteristics of fear response. Longer FTpE may be associated with tonic immobility which could be considered as a failed self-protective reaction and might be analogous to a sign of inappropriate coping strategy and self-dysregulation in complex trauma patients.
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