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NK Cell-Based Immunotherapies in Cancer

Authors
Shin, Min HwaKim, JungheeLim, Siyoung A.Kim, JungwonKim, Seong-JinLee, Kyung-Mi
Issue Date
4월-2020
Publisher
KOREA ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
Keywords
NK cells; Cancer; Immunotherapy; Tumor microenvironment
Citation
IMMUNE NETWORK, v.20, no.2
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
IMMUNE NETWORK
Volume
20
Number
2
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/56741
DOI
10.4110/in.2020.20.e14
ISSN
1598-2629
Abstract
With the development of technologies that can transform immune cells into therapeutic modalities, immunotherapy has remarkably changed the current paradigm of cancer treatment in recent years. NK cells are components of the innate immune system that act as key regulators and exhibit a potent tumor cytolytic function. Unlike T cells, NK cells exhibit tumor cytotoxicity by recognizing non-self, without deliberate immunization or activation. Currently, researchers have developed various approaches to improve the number and anti-tumor function of NK cells. These approaches include the use of cytokines and Abs to stimulate the efficacy of NK cell function, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic ex vivo expanded NK cells, establishment of homogeneous NK cell lines using the NK cells of patients with cancer or healthy donors, derivation of NK cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and modification of NK cells with cutting-edge genetic engineering technologies to generate chimeric Ag receptor (CAR)-NK cells. Such NK cell-based immunotherapies are currently reported as being promising anti-tumor strategies that have shown enhanced functional specificity in several clinical trials investigating malignant tumors. Here, we summarize the recent advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies that have focused on providing improved function through the use of the latest genetic engineering technologies. We also discuss the different types of NK cells developed for cancer immunotherapy and present the clinical trials being conducted to test their safety and efficacy.
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