Status of Spatial Data Construction for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Central Asia

Abstract

The importance of spatial data is rising as a means to reduce vulnerabilities and risks associated with climate change. Considering the recognition of its importance, many developing countries are struggling with capacity building for spatial data construction. The key objective of this study is to understand the current status and challenges of spatial data construction in Central Asian countries with a focus on enhancing the use of spatial data in Central Asian countries through international cooperation. The target countries are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This research used the official data provided on the websites of cartography agencies in Central Asia countries as well as data presented at regional workshops on the integration of statistical and spatial data in Central Asia, which was conducted by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). The collected data are classified into three types: fundamental maps, thematic maps and NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure). Through this classification, analyses of the resolution level and the data-sharing system were conducted. The results show that each country exhibits differences in spatial information capabilities. In the case of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, satellite data produced by the aerospace agency are actively used for land management, focusing on the ecosystem. However, other countries mainly rely on statistical data to manage the land, and it is found that spatial data are not actively utilized. In addition, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have implemented the NSDI over the past years, which facilitates the sharing of spatial data. However, the rest of the countries in Central Asia show limitations in terms of sharing geospatial data, and additionally lack data infrastructure. This paper reveals the differences in national competency when using and managing geospatial data among Central Asian countries. The results of this analysis will contribute to building future policies and actions, acting as a reference for improving the national capacity, relevant infrastructure, and regional-international cooperation.