Short-term antifungal treatments of caprylic acid with carvacrol or thymol induce synergistic 6-log reduction of pathogenic candida albicans by cell membrane disruption and efflux pump inhibition
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Bae, Y.S. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Rhee, M.S. | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-09-02T01:17:53Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-09-02T01:17:53Z | - |
dc.date.created | 2021-06-17 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1015-8987 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/70748 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Background/Aims: Although naturally-derived antifungals have been investigated for their ability to inactivate Candida albicans, which is a major cause of candidiasis, they have shown a less than 3 log reduction in C. albicans or required treatment times of longer than 3 h. Thus, the naturally-derived antifungals used in previous studies could not substantially eradicate C. albicans within a short period of time. Methods: To improve the fungicidal effects of naturally-derived antifungals against C. albicans within short time periods, we developed composites showing antifungal synergism using caprylic acid (CA), carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THM) for 1-10 min at 22/37°C. Using flow cytometry, we examined the mode of action for the synergism of these compounds on membrane integrity and efflux pump activity. Results: Whereas the maximum reduction by individual treatments was 0.6 log CFU/ml, CA + CAR/THM (all 1.5 mM) eliminated all pathogens (> 6.8 log reduction) after 1 min at 37°C and after 10 min at 22°C. The flow cytometry results showed that exposure to CA damaged the membranes in 15.7-36.5% of cells and inhibited efflux pumps in 15.4-31.3% of cells. Treatments with CAR/THM slightly affected cell membranes (in 1.8-6.9% of cells) but damaged efflux pumps in 14.4-29.6% of cells. However, the combined treatments clearly disrupted membranes (> 83.1% of cells) and pumps (> 95.0% of cells). The mechanism of this synergism may involve membrane damage by CA, which facilitates the entry of antifungals into the cytoplasm, and the inhibition of efflux pumps by CA, CAR or THM, causing their accumulation within cells and, leading to cell death. Conclusion: Antifungal composites (CA + CAR/THM) showing synergism (i.e., an additional 6 log reduction) within minutes at room/body temperature can be used to treat candidiasis and improve the microbiological safety of facilities contaminated with fungi as a novel alternative to synthetic antifungals. © 2019 The Author(s). | - |
dc.language | English | - |
dc.language.iso | en | - |
dc.publisher | Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG | - |
dc.subject | carvacrol | - |
dc.subject | octanoic acid | - |
dc.subject | thymol | - |
dc.subject | antifungal agent | - |
dc.subject | carvacrol | - |
dc.subject | fungal protein | - |
dc.subject | octanoic acid derivative | - |
dc.subject | terpene | - |
dc.subject | thymol | - |
dc.subject | antifungal activity | - |
dc.subject | antifungal therapy | - |
dc.subject | Article | - |
dc.subject | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject | candidiasis | - |
dc.subject | cell membrane | - |
dc.subject | cell membrane permeability | - |
dc.subject | controlled study | - |
dc.subject | cytoplasm | - |
dc.subject | drug effect | - |
dc.subject | drug efficacy | - |
dc.subject | drug exposure | - |
dc.subject | drug mechanism | - |
dc.subject | drug potentiation | - |
dc.subject | drug stability | - |
dc.subject | flow cytometry | - |
dc.subject | fungal cell | - |
dc.subject | fungicidal activity | - |
dc.subject | limit of detection | - |
dc.subject | membrane damage | - |
dc.subject | monotherapy | - |
dc.subject | nonhuman | - |
dc.subject | pathogen clearance | - |
dc.subject | priority journal | - |
dc.subject | short course therapy | - |
dc.subject | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject | cell wall | - |
dc.subject | drug effect | - |
dc.subject | drug potentiation | - |
dc.subject | metabolism | - |
dc.subject | microbial sensitivity test | - |
dc.subject | pH | - |
dc.subject | temperature | - |
dc.subject | Antifungal Agents | - |
dc.subject | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject | Caprylates | - |
dc.subject | Cell Wall | - |
dc.subject | Drug Synergism | - |
dc.subject | Fungal Proteins | - |
dc.subject | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | - |
dc.subject | Microbial Sensitivity Tests | - |
dc.subject | Monoterpenes | - |
dc.subject | Temperature | - |
dc.subject | Thymol | - |
dc.title | Short-term antifungal treatments of caprylic acid with carvacrol or thymol induce synergistic 6-log reduction of pathogenic candida albicans by cell membrane disruption and efflux pump inhibition | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor | Rhee, M.S. | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.33594/000000139 | - |
dc.identifier.scopusid | 2-s2.0-85070849118 | - |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, v.53, no.2, pp.285 - 300 | - |
dc.relation.isPartOf | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry | - |
dc.citation.title | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry | - |
dc.citation.volume | 53 | - |
dc.citation.number | 2 | - |
dc.citation.startPage | 285 | - |
dc.citation.endPage | 300 | - |
dc.type.rims | ART | - |
dc.type.docType | Article | - |
dc.description.journalClass | 1 | - |
dc.description.journalRegisteredClass | scopus | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | carvacrol | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | octanoic acid | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | thymol | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | antifungal agent | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | carvacrol | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | fungal protein | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | octanoic acid derivative | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | terpene | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | thymol | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | antifungal activity | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | antifungal therapy | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Article | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | candidiasis | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | cell membrane | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | cell membrane permeability | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | controlled study | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | cytoplasm | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug effect | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug efficacy | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug exposure | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug mechanism | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug potentiation | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug stability | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | flow cytometry | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | fungal cell | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | fungicidal activity | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | limit of detection | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | membrane damage | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | monotherapy | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | nonhuman | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | pathogen clearance | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | priority journal | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | short course therapy | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | cell wall | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug effect | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | drug potentiation | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | metabolism | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | microbial sensitivity test | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | pH | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | temperature | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Antifungal Agents | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Caprylates | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Cell Wall | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Drug Synergism | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Fungal Proteins | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Microbial Sensitivity Tests | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Monoterpenes | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Temperature | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | Thymol | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Candida albicans | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Caprylic acid | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Efflux pump | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Essential oil component | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Membrane disruption | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Synergistic antifungal activity | - |
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