Effect of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose on -melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in human melanocytes and a skin-equivalent model
- Authors
- Kim, Ji Hye; Kim, Dong Hyun; Cho, Kyung Mun; Kim, Kyoung Heon; Kang, Nam Joo
- Issue Date
- 9월-2018
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Keywords
- 3; 6-anhydro-l-galactose (l-AHG); alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH); human melanocytes; human skin equivalent; melanogenesis
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, v.119, no.9, pp.7643 - 7656
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
- Volume
- 119
- Number
- 9
- Start Page
- 7643
- End Page
- 7656
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/73598
- DOI
- 10.1002/jcb.27112
- ISSN
- 0730-2312
- Abstract
- 3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose (l-AHG) is a bioactive sugar that is a major component of agarose. Recently, l-AHG was reported to have anti-melanogenic potential in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) and B16F10 melanoma cells; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. At noncytotoxic concentrations, l-AHG has been shown to inhibit alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin synthesis in various cell models, including HEMs, melan-a cells, and B16F10 cells. Although l-AHG did not inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the anti-melanogenic effect of l-AHG was mediated by transcriptional repression of melanogenesis-related genes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in HEMs. Western blot analysis showed that l-AHG effectively attenuated-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenic proteins by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt signaling pathways in HEMs. Topical application of l-AHG significantly ameliorated melanin production in a 3D pigmented human skin model. Collectively, these results suggest that l-AHG could be utilized as novel cosmetic compounds with skin-whitening efficacy.
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