Different Levels of Skin Whitening Activity among 3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose, Agarooligosaccharides, and Neoagarooligosaccharides
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Kim, Ji Hye | - |
dc.contributor.author | Yun, Eun Ju | - |
dc.contributor.author | Yu, Sora | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kim, Kyoung Heon | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kang, Nam Joo | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-09-03T01:00:50Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-09-03T01:00:50Z | - |
dc.date.created | 2021-06-18 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2017-10 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1660-3397 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/82156 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose (AHG), a major monomeric constituent of red macroalgae (Rhodophyta), was recently reported to possess skin whitening activity. Moreover, AHG-containing oligosaccharides, such as agarooligosaccharides (AOSs) and neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOSs), have various physiological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin moisturizing effects. In this study, AHG and NAOSs were produced from agarose by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by an endo-type -agarase, an exo-type -agarase, and a neoagarobiose hydrolase. In a cell proliferation assay, AHG, AOSs, and NAOSs at 12.5, 25, and 50 g/mL concentrations did not exhibit cytotoxicity toward murine B16 melanoma cells or human epidermal melanocytes. In an in vitro skin whitening activity assay of AHG, AOSs, and NAOSs at 50 g/mL, AHG showed the highest skin whitening activity in both murine B16 melanoma cells and human epidermal melanocytes; this activity was mediated by the inhibition of melanogenesis. Neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose also exhibited in vitro skin whitening activity, whereas neoagarobiose and AOSs with degrees of polymerization of 3 (agarotriose), 5 (agaropentaose), and 7 (agaroheptaose) did not. Therefore, AHG is responsible for the skin whitening activity of agar-derived sugars, and the structural differences among the AHG-containing oligosaccharides may be responsible for their different skin whitening activities. | - |
dc.language | English | - |
dc.language.iso | en | - |
dc.publisher | MDPI AG | - |
dc.subject | SACCHAROPHAGUS-DEGRADANS 2-40 | - |
dc.subject | IN-VITRO | - |
dc.subject | MELANIN PIGMENTATION | - |
dc.subject | TYROSINASE ACTIVITY | - |
dc.subject | HUMAN MELANOCYTES | - |
dc.subject | BETA-AGARASE | - |
dc.subject | NEOAGAROBIOSE | - |
dc.subject | AGAROSE | - |
dc.subject | MELANOGENESIS | - |
dc.subject | PURIFICATION | - |
dc.title | Different Levels of Skin Whitening Activity among 3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose, Agarooligosaccharides, and Neoagarooligosaccharides | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor | Yun, Eun Ju | - |
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor | Kim, Kyoung Heon | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/md15100321 | - |
dc.identifier.scopusid | 2-s2.0-85032939621 | - |
dc.identifier.wosid | 000414593200028 | - |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation | MARINE DRUGS, v.15, no.10 | - |
dc.relation.isPartOf | MARINE DRUGS | - |
dc.citation.title | MARINE DRUGS | - |
dc.citation.volume | 15 | - |
dc.citation.number | 10 | - |
dc.type.rims | ART | - |
dc.type.docType | Article | - |
dc.description.journalClass | 1 | - |
dc.description.journalRegisteredClass | scie | - |
dc.description.journalRegisteredClass | scopus | - |
dc.relation.journalResearchArea | Pharmacology & Pharmacy | - |
dc.relation.journalWebOfScienceCategory | Chemistry, Medicinal | - |
dc.relation.journalWebOfScienceCategory | Pharmacology & Pharmacy | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | SACCHAROPHAGUS-DEGRADANS 2-40 | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | IN-VITRO | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | MELANIN PIGMENTATION | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | TYROSINASE ACTIVITY | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | HUMAN MELANOCYTES | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | BETA-AGARASE | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | NEOAGAROBIOSE | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | AGAROSE | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | MELANOGENESIS | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | PURIFICATION | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | agarooligosaccharides | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | neoagarooligosaccharides | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | skin whitening | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | melanogenesis | - |
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