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Mice subjected to uncontrollable electric shocks show depression -like behaviors irrespective of their state of helplessness

Authors
Kim, Jin YongYang, Soo HyunKwon, JihyunLee, Hyun WooKim, Hyun
Issue Date
30-3월-2017
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Keywords
Electric foot shock; Learned helplessness; Depression; Active avoidance; Depression animal model
Citation
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH, v.322, pp.138 - 144
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume
322
Start Page
138
End Page
144
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/84097
DOI
10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.008
ISSN
0166-4328
Abstract
The unpredictable and inescapable electric shock-induced "learned helplessness" paradigm has long been used to produce an animal model of depression to identify the molecules associated with depressive symptoms or to assess the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for depression. After exposure to unpredictable and inescapable shocks (uncontrollable stress), most of mice showed defect in escape behavior in active avoidance test (learned helplessness, LH), while others did not (non-learned helplessness, NLH). Here, we investigated whether mice with LH or NLH exhibited depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, anxiety, and despair. We found that compared with control na ve mice, both uncontrollable shocks-induced LH and NLH mice showed increased anhedonia-and anxiety-but not despair-like behaviors. Notably, mice subjected to uncontrollable shocks showed similar behaviors, irrespective of whether they also showed LH or NLH. Furthermore, since both LH and NLH mice showed only anhedonia-and anxiety-but not despair-like behaviors, this model may be generally inadequate for classic depression like behavior assessment. In conclusion, uncontrollable electric shock induces depression-like behavior, irrespective of the state of helplessness.(C)2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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