韓国と日本における初期公讌詩の比較

Abstract

This article is to examine the way of using Chinese poetry writing as a way of amusement in royal parties in early Korea and Japan, and also to clarify the differences between two countries in respect of the way of accepting Chinese literature. It is said that holding a royal party was a way of decorating the royal authority in ancient country. There are lots of records concerning to royal parties in Samguk sagi (三國史記, History of the Three Kingdoms), and Samguk yusa (三國遺事, History of the Three Kingdoms and Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), but there is no description on the general order of ceremony, personnel organization, the shape of musical bands or dance groups etc, of royal parties. In case Silla there are lots of cases of writing Chinese poetry in a royal party but in only a few of them were composed rhymed verse. According to Samguk sagi, in the third year of King Heongang (憲康王) literati offered gasa 歌詞 to the king at the party held in Imhaejeon building (臨海殿), in the ninth year of his reign he ordered his retainers to write a piece of Chinese poetry each when he went to Samrangsa temple (三郞寺). It is about this time that writing rhymed verse in a royal party became established, but there is no record that indicates the way of writing poetry in divided rhymes (分韻) in royal parties. As to Japan, several records suggest that there were some cases of writing poetry in divided rhymes in royal parties in early period, but it is questionable whether literati continued to write poems in divided rhymes in royal parties after Heian (平安) Period. It is presumed that writing Chinese poetry in a royal party including writing poetry in divided rhymes became meaningless as the civil service examination (科擧) had became nominal due to the monopoly of political power by Hujiwara clan in Heian Period. There are some unanswered questions on poetry writings in royal parties in early Korea and Japan. How can we explain the fact that the way of writing poetry in divided rhymes was used in party held in King Nagaya’s (長屋王) residence in 719 and that even two of them had a preface written in parallel prose (騈儷文) while there is no evidence that the same way of writing poetry was used at the same period in Korea. There is no such case that parallel prose was added as a preface for poems in a party as the case of poetry wrting at King Nagaya’s party although lots of parallel prose were compsed and appreciated in Silla and Balhae in early eighth century. It is not easy to conclude whether it is due to the cultural difference between the way of royal party in Korea and Japan, or simple lack of literature related to ancient Korean culture.