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Including Bioconcentration Kinetics for the Prioritization and Interpretation of Regulatory Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Highly Hydrophobic Chemicals

Authors
Kwon, Jung-HwanLee, So-YoungKang, Hyun-JoongMayer, PhilippEscher, Beate I.
Issue Date
1-11월-2016
Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
Citation
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, v.50, no.21, pp.12004 - 12011
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume
50
Number
21
Start Page
12004
End Page
12011
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/86893
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.6b03942
ISSN
0013-936X
Abstract
Worldwide, regulations of chemicals require short-term toxicity data for evaluating hazards and risks of the chemicals. Current data requirements on the registration of chemicals are primarily based on tonnage and do not yet consider properties of chemicals. For example, short-term ecotoxicity data are required for chemicals with production volume greater than 1 or 10 ton/y according to REACH, without considering chemical properties. Highly hydrophobic chemicals are characterized by low water solubility and slow bioconcentration kinetics, which may hamper the interpretation of short-term toxicity experiments. In this work, internal concentrations of highly hydrophobic chemicals were predicted for standard acute ecotoxicity tests at three trophic levels, algae, invertebrate, and fish. As demonstrated by comparison with maximum aqueous concentrations at water solubility, chemicals with an octanolwater partition coefficient (Kow) greater than 106 are not expected to reach sufficiently high internal concentrations for exerting effects within the test duration of acute tests with fish and invertebrates, even though they might be intrinsically toxic. This toxicity cutoff was explained by the slow uptake, i.e., by kinetics, not by thermodynamic limitations. Predictions were confirmed by data entries of the OECDs screening information data set (SIDS) (n = 746), apart from a few exceptions concerning mainly organometallic substances and those with inconsistency between water solubility and Kow. Taking error propagation and model assumptions into account, we thus propose a revision of data requirements for highly hydrophobic chemicals with log Kow > 7.4: Short-term toxicity tests can be limited to algae that generally have the highest uptake rate constants, whereas the primary focus of the assessment should be on persistence, bioaccumulation, and long-term effects.
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Kwon, Jung Hwan
생명과학대학 (환경생태공학부)
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