Arsenite Oxidation Initiated by the UV Photolysis of Nitrite and Nitrate

Abstract

This study demonstrates that the production of reactive oxidizing species (e.g., hydroxyl radical (center dot OH)) during the photolysis of nitrite (NO2-) or nitrate (NO3-) leads to the oxidative conversion of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)). While the direct UV photolytic oxidation of As(III) was absent, nitrite (20 or 200 mu M) addition markedly accelerated the oxidation of As(III) under UV irradiation (lambda > 295 min), which implies a role of NO2- as a photosensitizer for As(III) oxidation. Nitrate-mediated photooxidation of As(III) revealed an initial lag phase during which NO3- is converted into NO2-. UV-Photosensitized oxidation of As(III) was kinetically enhanced under acidic pH condition where nitrous acid (HNO2) with a high quantum yield for center dot OH production is a predominant form of nitrite. On the other hand, alkaline pH that favors the photoinduced transformation of NO3- to NO2- significantly facilitated the catalytic reduction/oxidation cycling, which enabled the complete oxidation of As(III) at the condition of [As(III)]/[NO2-] >> 1 and markedly accelerated NO3--sensitized oxidation of As(III). The presence of O-2 and N2O as electron scavengers enhanced the photochemical dissociation of NO2- via intermolecular electron transfer, initiating the oxidative As(III) conversion route probably involving NO2 center dot and superoxide radical anion (O-2 center dot(-)) as alternative oxidants. The outdoor experiment demonstrated the capability of NO2- for the photosensitized production of oxidizing species and the subsequent oxidation of As(III) into As(V) under solar irradiation.