Full-device self-healing, self-powered dual-mode sensor based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) aerogel for bio-signal monitoring

초록

The demand for wearable sensors capable of reliable real-time bio-signal monitoring while attached onto skin has increased dramatically. However, most skin-attachable sensors detect just one stimulus, require external power supply, and lack mechanical stability under repeated deformation, limiting durability as well as miniaturization. Here, we present a fully self-healing, self-powered dual-mode sensor for bio-signal monitoring based on a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Nafion aerogel. The aerogel exhibits intrinsic water-triggered self-healing via rapid reformation of hydrogen-bond networks within seconds. Its conductivity and mechanical stability are enhanced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment via PEDOT-PSS phase separation. Encapsulation with thermally self-healing oxime-carbamate bonded polyurethane film and Au nanosheet electrodes enables device-level recovery of mechanical and electrical performance after multiple bisection-healing cycles at 65 degrees C for 6 h. The dual-mode sensor simultaneously detects pressure and temperature without signal interference, showing high pressure sensitivity of 53.5 kPa-1 and stable Seebeck coefficient of 17.2 mu V K-1, both retained after repeated damage/healing cycles. Furthermore, the thermoelectric voltage generated from the skin-air temperature difference operates the pressure sensor to detect subtle pulse signals without an external power source. This work demonstrates an intrinsically conductive, self-healing aerogel integrated into a fully self-healing and energy-autonomous platform for next-generation wearable electronics.

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