Lightweight Chebyshev Polynomial-Based Authentication and Signature Framework With Antenna Array for IoT-Enabled V2V and V2X Communications

초록

—Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications in intelligent transportation systems are emerging as a pivotal Internet of Things (IoT) technology for improving road safety, optimizing traffic flow, and reducing energy consumption. However, it is a major challenge to provide secure, efficient, and scalable authentication in dynamic vehicular situations. To resolve these issues, this work suggests a novel lightweight Chebyshev-based authentication and key exchange protocol, combined with the use of an antenna array for secure transmission. To ensure anonymity and critical security, the protocol incorporates biometric-based key generation and a physical unclonable function (PUF) response that maps cryptographic keys to user-specific data. In addition, efficient batch signature verification based on multiplicative properties of Chebyshev polynomials is designed to support scalable group authentication, allowing reduced computational expenses. The proposed design of the slotted waveguide array (SWA) antenna supports dual-band operation under the S and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) bands. The SWA resonates at the frequencies 3.5 and 5.9 GHz to ensure a secure transmission for V2X and vehicular-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The sole dual-band array is capable of communicating with on-road vehicles as well as other infrastructures simultaneously. Later, a formal security analysis is performed using the real-or-random (ROR) model and an informal security analysis to prove the robustness against different types of attacks. Performance analysis indicates that the scheme provides significant improvements in terms of computational and communication overhead. Finally, the proposed SWA design was validated by experimental analysis and proved to be noteworthy. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved,

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