Transformative breakthrough in cancer phototheranostics utilizing bioinspired chemistry of polydopamine-based multifunctional nanostructures

초록

Polydopamine (PDA), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer derived from mussels, exhibits highly advantageous properties for biomedical utilization such as strong adhesive capability, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and potent drug-loading capacity. Hence, PDA-based nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged and have actively been harnessed as the phototheranostic agent of diseases such as cancer for their targeting abilities and multifunctionalities. For the first time, this review specifically focuses on the diverse multifunctionalized PDA-based NPs for cancer phototheranostic, based on their cancer targeting for photo-based therapies such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, photoimmunotherapy, and combinational phototherapy, as well as imaging. Furthermore, we describe the diverse shapes of PDA NPs and their synthesis process involving various bonds to achieve shape-dependent multifunctionalities, thereby facilitating their role as nanocarriers in cancer phototheranostics. We also briefly introduce the recent progress in the development of PDA-based nanovaccine for future cancer therapy while focusing on the existing limitations of PDA NPs and strategies to overcome those challenges. Finally, we discuss PDA's biocompatibility, degradability, and safety and highlight such advantages for the potential clinical use of cancer phototherapy.

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