Integrated SWAT Modeling and Health Risk Assessment for Agricultural Watersheds: A Case Study of Glyphosate and Nutrient Dynamics in the Upper Nan River Basin

초록

"This study presents an integrated framework to assess the fate and transport of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), soluble phosphorus (PO43-), and glyphosate in the Upper Nan watershed, Thailand, which faces data scarcity and increasing agricultural pressure. (1) By integrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with a health risk assessment framework, this research bridges hydrological modeling and public health, enabling identification of critical source areas and spatiotemporal risk patterns associated with agricultural runoff. (2) Long-term model calibration and validation (1990-2022) achieved high performance, with efficiency values of 0.88 (runoff), 0.77 (sediment), 0.65 (NO3-N), and 0.70 (PO43-) during calibration, and 0.90, 0.78, 0.72, and 0.53, respectively, during validation. (3) Results show elevated health risks during dry-season accumulation, particularly for glyphosate. By addressing data limitations and integrating health-based evaluation, this study offers a transferable approach for managing pollution and health risks in tropical and agriculture-intensive watersheds. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

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