고려 천태종의 종파 문제－조선초 천태종의 선종 귀속의 역사적 배경－

초록

Because first founded by Zen priests directly thrown to five Sanmun(五門) and Uicheon(義天) under the branch of Beobanjong(法眼宗), early Cheontae-jong(天台宗) consisted of Zen priests, which must have been the reason why Seunggwa, the civil examination for priests to enter government service, was sometimes called SeonSeon in the late Goryeo period. Also, there were those who took Jogye’s examination as its pretest. Because Cheontae-jong priests were apprehended to belong to ‘Zen Buddhism,’ they must have taken Zen Seunggwa at that time. Uicheon and Yose(了世) considered Jijong(智宗) of Beobanjong a senior of Cheontae-jong in that Goryeo Cheontae-jong was ‘Zen Buddhism’ including Beobanjong. Meanwhile, Cheontae-jong and Jogyejong in turns took a charge of the head priest of such Buddhist temples as Yeongwonsa(瑩源寺, 瑩原寺), Manuisa(萬義寺), Jingusa(珍丘寺), Gukcheongsa(國淸寺), Geodonsa(居頓寺), Muuisa(無爲寺), Seonunsa(禪雲寺), Cheonggyesa(靑溪寺), Mandeoksa(萬德寺), and Jigoksa(地谷寺, 智谷寺), all of which were cases of shifting the ownership from Cheontae-jong to Jogyejong or vice-versa. The fact that the case related to the ownership dispute of temples during Goryeo Dynasty focused on Cheontae-jong and Jogyejong had a deep relationship with where they belonged. Because early Cheontae-jong consisted of Zen priests, the temples they belonged to had suffered from the long-term dispute on the ownership between Cheontae-jong and Jogyejong. Institutionally, the priests of Goryeo Cheontae-jong used Seonsa(禪師) and Daeseonsa(大禪師) succeeding Zen Buddhism. That Goryeo Cheontae-jong under transitional discomfort did not covert to non-Zen Buddhism succession but used Zen Buddhism succession became solid evidence to prove the priests of Goryeo Cheontae-jong regarded themselves as ‘Zen Buddhists.’ Besides, while the power of non-Zen Buddhist groups declined against the military-oriented government, Cheontae-jong is proven to have taken political actions quite different from them, considering Cheontae-jong’s Deokso was appointed to a King’s teacher at that time. Yose, the founder of Baengnyeonsa(白蓮社), and his pupil Cheonin(天因) respectively visited Jinul(知訥) at Suseonsa(修禪社) and his pupil Hyesim(惠諶) in that the Baengnyeonsa-related temples had commonly shared characteristics with Suseonsa and Zen priests also needed to visit priests of virtue all over the country. What is more, Uicheon’s Cheontae-jong pupils compared him with ‘Dharma(達磨)’ who delivered Zen Buddhism to China. Uicheon Monument erected at Seonbongsa(僊鳳寺) used an expression of recognizing ‘佛法東流(The teachings of Buddha flow to the east)’ as well as Zen Buddhism.

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