Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and early-onset hypertension in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study (2007-2023)

초록

Purpose The triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), a composite marker reflecting both metabolic dysfunction and obesity, has been proposed as a practical indicator for hypertension risk. However, population-based evidence from East Asian countries remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and early-onset hypertension among Korean adults using nationally representative cross-sectional data. Methods We analyzed data from 20,948 participants aged 19-39 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2023. TyG-BMI was derived by multiplying the TyG index by BMI to evaluate the association of early-onset hypertension. Early-onset hypertension was defined as a diagnosis occurring at 40 years of age or younger. Weighted logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and generalized additive models (GAM) were applied to assess potential non-linear dose-response relationships. Results A total of 20,948 participants (51.88% male) were included in the analysis, and the prevalence of early-onset hypertension was 8.53 %. Individuals with high TyG-BMI values (> 186.79) had significantly greater odds of early-onset hypertension compared with those in the low TyG-BMI group (aOR, 4.37 [95% CI, 3.68-5.21]). The results of GAM exhibited a non-linear association between TyG-BMI and early-onset hypertension. Moreover, participants characterized by both elevated TyG index and obesity exhibited the highest likelihood of early-onset hypertension across all covariates, surpassing the odds associated with either factor independently. Conclusion TyG-BMI showed a substantial association with early-onset hypertension in Korean adults and poses a synergistic association. These findings suggest that TyG-BMI may serve as a cost-effective tool to identify high-risk individuals and support targeted early prevention strategies.

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