I-JASの対話タスクにみる「かな」の使用実態 ─ 意見表明における韓国人学習者と日本語母語話者の比較 ─

초록

In this study, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the use of kana, the Japanese sentence-final particle, produced by Korean learners of Japanese (KL) and Japanese native speakers (JS) during opinion-expression sequences in interview-style conversations. Our analysis distinguishes between two conversational contexts: initial opinion expression and counter-argument response. We drew our data from the dialogue task of the International Corpus of Japanese as a Second Language (I-JAS). From our analyses, we noted that the speaker factor was significant regarding the frequency of the use of kana. The odds of JS using kana was approximately 3.2 times that of KL. We did not observe a significant contextual variation in frequency in either group. With respect to form, KL showed a strong tendency to combine kana with negative-form predicates, as in ja-nai-kana, and to close utterances with assertive endings. Conversely, JS, predominantly employed affirmative forms such as (no) kana paired with non-assertive utterance endings. Qualitative analysis revealed that KL used ja-nai-kana and assertive endings to explicitly state their position and, in counter-argument contexts, they responded to objections concisely with notably smaller number of utterances. On the other hand, JS employed kana as a relational device oriented toward the interlocutor within a cooperative conversational flow. In counter-argument contexts, in particular, JS engaged in more symmetrical exchanges with the interviewer in terms of both opinion expression and responsive behavior. Our analyses indicate that KL and JS differ markedly in their overall style of interview participation. On the basis of these findings, our paper argues that instruction in kana should go beyond formal acquisition to encompass the interactional norms and conversational strategies that give the particle its pragmatic force in authentic discourse.

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