Recent developments of small-molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of hydroxyl radical in biological systems

초록

Intracellular reactive oxygen species are mainly produced from oxygen through electron-transfer reactions, which diffusely discovered in biological organisms. Among them, hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) embodies crucial physiological functions and roles. However, the over-whelming of center dot OH are associated with various oxidative stress-related pathophysiological disorders, such as inflammation, liver injury, depression, and cancer. Nevertheless, some exact pathogenic traits of center dot OH in biological systems remain unknown because of its high reactivity, short half-life, and low concentrations. To better grasp the characteristics of center dot OH in physiological and pathological processes, it is crucial to develop highly sensitive and selective detection tools. Thus, small-molecule fluorescent probes have proven to be useful tools for in situ and real-time monitoring of variations in reactive species in living systems, owing to their high spatiotemporal resolution, noninvasiveness, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. In this regard, this review discusses high-performance molecular probes for monitoring center dot OH fluctuations and studying the relevant mechanisms in living systems. We expect that this review will provide a comprehensive introduction to center dot OH-responsive fluorescent probes and their further applications in biomedical and clinical fields.

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