고대 로마의 페티알리스(fetialis)와 정당한 전쟁

초록

A fetialis is priest and jurist who carries out religious acts and provides legal, religious advices regarding the declaration of war and conclusion of peace treaties. To ancient historians,the fetialis was important evidence that Rome always fought a just war. However,the demand of reparation by the fetials was not a Roman act to ensure peace and sublate invasive warfare. It was basically an offensive movement, a device designed to find an excuse to start a war and to justify it and to show that the gods were on their side. Nevertheless, modern historians created the concept of a three stage system known as the ‘fetial procedure’ to uphold and supplement the idea that Romans kept peace and fought just wars. The third stage related to the ceremony of throwing a spear was a forged stage to explain the actions of Octavianus. Historical sources shows that the only stage which existed was the first stage which was the demand of reparation. Modern historians,including Walbank came up with the idea of a ‘modified fetial procedure’ when the fetial role concerning the demand of reparation disappeared after the third century B.C. However,there is no concrete evidence that there was a new process to declare war. Therefore, the just war theory based on the concepts of the fetial priest and the fetial procedure is a theory which has little basis and is fabricated to justify the imperialistic growth of Rome. The main role of the fetialis is related to the conclusion of treaties. However, it did not play a political, diplomatic role by leading meetings and tuning the contents of the treaty. Rather it examined possible legal, religious problems related to the conclusion of the treaty, ratified the treaty from a religious point of view and supervised its compliance.

키워드