마야콥스키의 서사시 『바지 입은 구름』의 서술 층위

초록

This article examines the narrative layers of Vladimir Mayakovsky’s lyrical poem A Cloud in Trousers (Oblako v shtanakh, 1915). Taking Mayakovsky’s own definition of the poem as four cries — “Down with your love,” “Down with your art,” “Down with your order,” and “Down with your religion” — as its point of departure, the study analyzes how the poem constructs a multilayered lyrical narrative. The first layer is autobiographical. The speaker’s frustrated love for Maria becomes the emotional source of the poem, but this private experience is expanded into a universal drama of pain, compassion, and protest. The second layer is metapoetic. Mayakovsky opposes his own poetry of the body, the street, the bloody heart, and direct speech to the refined and decorative poetry of the old aesthetic order. The third layer is socio-historical. The poem presents the modern city as a diseased space of poverty, violence, capitalism, and war, while the lyrical hero appears as a forerunner and agitator of revolution. The fourth layer is mythopoetic. Through the figures of Zarathustra, Christ, and the “thirteenth apostle,” the speaker fashions himself as prophet, martyr, rebel, and blasphemous savior. This article argues that the poetic innovation of A Cloud in Trousers lies in the dynamic interaction of these layers. In the poem, love becomes revolution, poetry becomes myth, and personal suffering becomes a cosmic protest. The lyrical hero’s voice moves from intimate confession to public declaration, from social accusation to mythic self-dramatization. At the same time, the poem does not resolve these movements into a stable conclusion. Its power derives from the unresolved tension between the completeness of its poetic form and the tragic incompleteness of the task it seeks to accomplish. In this sense, A Cloud in Trousers should be understood not only as an early Futurist provocation, but also as one of Mayakovsky’s decisive attempts to create a new form of modern lyrical poem.

키워드