고려본 <용감수경(龍龕手鏡)>에 대하여

초록

This is a study of Longkānshŏujing(龍龕手鏡), a dictionary of Chinese characters published in the Liáo(遼) kingdom and reprinted during the Koryŏ dynasty. Xingjūn (行均), who was a Buddhist monk in Liáo(遼), compiled it in 997 A.D. A reprint was published later on in North Song(北宋) but no copies survive. It was also republished in South Song(南宋) but its title was changed to Longkānshŏujiàn(龍龕手鑑). In Koryŏ this book was imported promptly and reprinted with the same title as the original version. It was published in three books in four volumes but only the last book in volumes 3 and 4 remains at the library of Korea University in Seoul. Therefore, the Koryŏ version was a very important literary work of Chinese character dictionaries. The Longkānshŏujing was compiled for consulting about the pronunciations, meanings, and authorities of 189,610 characters, which were divided into the classical and popular forms of Chinese characters. Insisted that this dictionary of Chinese characters be published for consulting and under- standing Chinese characters when reading Chinese Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist scriptures written in Sanskrit had to be translated into Chinese during the Tang(唐) era in China for propagating Buddhism. Chinese Buddhist scriptures were written in Biànwén(變文), which was a simplified form of Chinese at that time. The Tōng Yŭ(通語) language, which was a dialect of Zhăng Ān(長安) in ancient China, became the official language of the Tang kingdom because it was the capital city of the kingdom. There were many simplified forms of Chinese characters in Chinese Buddhist scriptures written by Biànwén(變文). The Liáo kingdom used a Khitan language, one of the Mongolian language branches, as an official language. They made a new written system named Khitan large and small script. It was made of letters to analyze Chinese characters. I insisted to publish Longkānshŏujing to establish the Khitan script. I insisted also that this dictionary was imported and reprinted during the Koryŏ dynasty to establish Chinese characters in simplified forms of Kugyeol, because it was needed to analyze the Chinese characters.

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