Space-saving bamboo-based composite filter for efficient broad-spectrum particulate capture in high-concentration environments

초록

Owing to the significant increase in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and the limitations of conventional filters, a more efficient, sustainable method of filtering the air in high-PM environments is urgently needed. Here, we developed a space-saving bamboo-based composite filter using bamboo pulp-derived nanofiber and micro-fiber substrates to efficiently capture broad-spectrum PM in high-concentration environments. The capture efficiency for particles < 0.3 mu m of the baseline dual-layer composite filter with an optimized nanofiber layer decreased from 99.5 % to 63.0 % as the PM concentration increased approximately 9-fold. Rapid PM accumulation on the nanofiber surface in the high-concentration PM environment caused unevenness and reduced slip effects, which reduced the filtration efficiency for smaller particles due to insufficient time for adsorption processes. However, the composite filter developed here optimized multi-layer and zigzag-folded structures by adding a scattering plate before the double layer to disperse the airflow and extend the PM residence time, thus enhancing the capture of small PM under high-PM conditions. Enzymatic and soil biodegradation experiments confirmed the environmental sustainability of this filter. This study provides crucial insights into the design of high-performance biodegradable air filtration systems, paving the way for sustainable solutions in high-PM environments.

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