사양 산업의 공간－산업혁명기 영국 양말편물산업의 중부 집중문제－

초록

This is a study of the space question in the British hosieryindustry throughout the Industrial Revolution to illuminate theinterrelations between locality and industrialization. With a briefnarrative of the industry’s origin, the paper begins by posing aquestion about the distinctive pattern of the transition of hosierymanufacture from London to the Midlands between themid-eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century. The mainfactors affecting this move and the localization of hosiery in thethree Midland counties of Nottingham, Leicester and Derby, areanalyzed, with emphasis on the need for cheap labor. Thebackground and outcome of the increase in the production of theplain cotton hosiery, and the problem of the prevailing wide framesand their cut-up goods are examined to a considerable extent. Thefeatures of the subsequent Luddism in Nottingham, which emergedas an expression of the framework knitters against decreasing priceallegedly caused by cut-ups made on those wide frames, are alsoaddressed. The paper then provides a series of cases illustrating the growingfrequency and severity of the distress in those three counties sincethe early nineteenth century and the poverty problem of the knittersleading to various resolution attempts at the local level. Topicsdiscussed are chronic unemployment (and underemployment) inhosiery manufacture, recurrent public relief schemes by localgovernments and the Poor Law authorities, and some efforts on thepart of knitters themselves, in addition to opposing views about theframework-knitters in the locality. The paper attempts to illustratethe relationship between locality and industry during the IndustrialRevolution in the Midlands, the way in which they influenced one another, and the extent to which they depicted the space of adeclining hosiery industry and the struggling framework knitters involved in it.

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