Double ϕ production in p¯p reactions near threshold

초록

We employ an effective Lagrangian approach to investigate double ϕ production in the p¯p reaction near the threshold and describe a notable violation of the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule in this reaction process through hadronic degrees of freedom, using the currently available theoretical and experimental information. The ground-state nucleon and its s-wave resonances, i.e., N⁎(1535,1650,1895), are taken into account in the t- and u-channel tree-level diagrams. The pentaquark-like nucleon resonance Ps(2071,3/2−) is also considered. In the s-channel diagrams, scalar and tensor mesons are incorporated, specifically f0(2020,2100,2200) and f2(1950,2010,2150), respectively, along with the pseudoscalar meson η(2225). Our calculations suggest that contributions from the N and N⁎ resonances significantly enhance the cross-section near the threshold. At the same time, those from the f0 and f2 mesons produce distinctive peak structures around W=2.2 GeV, qualitatively reproducing the JETSET experimental data. The openings of the Λ¯Λ and Σ¯Σ channels lead to the cusp structures, which can explain the nontrivial structures in the cross-section at W≈2MΛ and 2MΣ observed in the data. It turns out that contributions from the η and Ps resonances are almost negligible. Additionally, polarization observables such as the spin density matrix element (SDME) provide crucial insights into the individual hadronic processes involved in this reaction. © 2025 The Author(s)

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