Dielectric additive enables humidity-independent preparation of blend morphology for high-performance, large-area organic photovoltaics

초록

Dielectric material in bulk-heterojunctions can play critical roles in exciton polarization and morphology control. We develop carvone (CV) dielectric additive to prepare high-efficiency, large-area organic photovoltaics (OPVs). CV forms a complex with L8-BO, which enhances forming uniform crystallites of acceptors as well as exciton dissociation in D18:N3:L8-BO blend. Furthermore, strong inward Marangoni flows induced by CV addition during blade coating enable the evolution of homogeneous morphology over large areas, irrespective of the surface energy of the electron-transporting layer. As a result, OPVs exhibited improved performances and, in particular, the device using binary D18:PM6 donors achieved efficiency of 17.44% for an active area of 1 cm2 and the corresponding module showed 16.27% efficiency. This is among the highest OPV module efficiency achieved, with active areas above 20 cm2. Importantly, it is demonstrated that CV addition is effective for reproducible preparation of the optimal blend morphology in ambient air with relative humidity from 10% to 70%. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

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