자동화와 임금수준의 변화: 노동대체효과와 노동보완효과의 실증분석

초록

This study examines the effects of automation on wage levels using industry- and occupation-level data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). While previous studies have primarily focused on the extensive margin of automation, emphasizing the complete replacement of labor, this study investigates the intensive margin effects in which automation partially substitutes for or complements labor. To do so, automation, labor-displacing, and labor-complementing variables are constructed, and both OLS and two-stage least squares (2SLS) analyses are conducted using occupational wage data. The results show that automation generally has a positive effect on wage levels through productivity improvements. However, in occupations where automation substitutes for labor, the wage-enhancing effect is weakened due to reductions in labor effectiveness. In contrast, occupations in which automation complements labor experience stronger wage increases. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the labor market effects of automation from the perspective of changes in labor effectiveness.

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