How to Select Each Component of CO2 Electrolyzers

초록

Electrochemical CO<inf>2</inf> electrolyzers are increasingly recognized for their potential to convert CO<inf>2</inf> into valuable chemical feedstocks, addressing critical environmental and economic challenges. Traditionally, the catalytic properties of the cathode, where CO<inf>2</inf>RR directly occurs, have been the main focus of research due to their control over product selectivity. More recently, however, membrane-based electrolyzers—commonly used in fuel cells and water electrolyzers—have shown substantial potential for commercial CO<inf>2</inf> reduction, offering improved scalability and efficiency. Nevertheless, the complex components in membrane-based electrolyzers require precise optimization, as each unit directly impacts system performance and product selectivity. In this review, the structures and components of membrane-based CO<inf>2</inf> electrolyzers are systematically examined, including the electrolyzer design, flow channels, membranes, electrolytes, CO<inf>2</inf> supply units, and electrodes. Recent innovations in the optimization of these components are highlighted to provide insights into advancing CO<inf>2</inf>RR technology toward commercially feasible applications. This approach can assist considerably in improving the CO<inf>2</inf>RR electrolyzer performance, thereby helping predict optimal pathways for commercial realization and guide future development. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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