DNA regulatory element cooperation and competition in transcription

초록

Regulation of eukaryotic transcription is a complex process that enables precise temporal and spatial control of gene expression. Promoters, which are cis-regulatory elements (CREs) located pro-ximal to the transcription start site (TSS), selectively integrate regulatory cues from distal CREs, or enhancers, and their asso-ciated transcriptional machinery. In this review, we discuss cur-rent knowledge regarding CRE cooperation and competition impacting gene expression, including features of enhancer-pro-moter, enhancer-enhancer, and promoter-promoter interplay. We also provide an overview of recent insights into the under-lying molecular mechanisms that facilitate physical and func-tional interaction of regulatory elements, such as the involve-ment of enhancer RNAs and biomolecular condensates. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(12): 509-520]

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