외국인 유입과 내국인 고용의 관계 - 산업 및 직업별 이질적 효과 분석 -

초록

This study analyzed the relationship between the influx of foreign nationals and the employment of domestic workers, and empirically investigated how these effects vary by skill level, industry, and occupation. To this end, panel data covering 16 cities and provinces from 2007 to 2024 were constructed, and a panel regression model incorporating regional fixed effects and time trends, along with a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method utilizing shift-share instrumental variables, were applied. The analysis results showed that while the influx of foreign nationals did not have a significant impact on overall domestic employment, heterogeneous effects were identified in specific areas of the labor market. In particular, a complementary relationship was observed among highly skilled workers and certain occupational groups, while an increase in domestic employment was confirmed in sales, office workers, and machinery operation and assembly occupations. Conversely, some substitution effects were observed in managerial and simple labor workers. These findings suggest that policies regarding the influx of foreign nationals require selective policy design that considers industrial and occupational characteristics, rather than a uniform approach.

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