Flavonoids and their role in obesity management

초록

Obesity has become an escalating global health issue, and the therapeutic efficacy of conventional anti-obesity medications is frequently limited by adverse side effects. Flavonoids, a diverse class of polyphenolic compounds abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-derived foods, have emerged as promising adjunctive agents for obesity management. Evidence from laboratory and animal studies highlights their multifaceted anti-obesity mechanisms, including regulation of lipid metabolism via AMP-activated protein kinase and PPARα activation, promotion of white adipose tissue browning, modulation of gut microbiota, and potent anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In addition, flavonoids improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, thereby disrupting the cycle of obesity and insulin resistance. Dietary patterns rich in flavonoids—such as the Mediterranean, Nordic, Asian, and African heritage diets—are consistently associated with reduced obesity risk and more favorable metabolic profiles. Despite these benefits, clinical application is hindered by low bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance. Overcoming these obstacles will require long-term human trials and technological advances, such as nanoencapsulation, to enhance delivery and efficacy. In summary, f lavonoids represent a compelling candidate for safe, natural strategies in obesity management, although further research is essential to optimize their clinical use and confirm their effectiveness in humans. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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