Unique Contribution of Vocabulary Depth to Korean EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension: A Structural Equation Modeling Study within the Simple View of Reading

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role played by the depth of vocabulary knowledge in the reading comprehension process of Korean EFL learners within the framework of the Simple View of Reading (SVR) (Gough & Tunmer, 1986). In addition to the two major SVR components, decoding and linguistic comprehension of English words, vocabulary depth, was added to the model to see whether it exerted any additional influence on the reading comprehension of Korean high school EFL learners. A total of 207 11th grade high school students in South Korea participated in this study by taking vocabulary breadth, vocabulary depth (analogy, antonym, and synonym), listening comprehension, decoding, and reading comprehension tests. The results were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings indicated that when vocabulary depth was considered in the SVR framework, it accounted for a unique and independent variance occurring in reading comprehension while controlling for oral language and decoding skills. In addition, direct effects of vocabulary depth on L2 reading comprehension and decoding abilities were observed, with a strong positive correlation between vocabulary depth and oral comprehension abilities. This study discusses the pedagogical implications for promoting depth of vocabulary knowledge in the Korean English-learning context.