A. L. 슐뢰처와 독일의 후기 계몽 역사학

Abstract

This paper focuses on understanding A. L. Schlözer's role in thetransformation from Enlightenment to Historicism; his achievement interms of establishing theories and methodologies of modern historicalscience. As a result of the study, these points became apparent:First, Schlözer opposed a strictly European perspective (as hiscolleagues had done) and included all classes of society and socialand cultural development. Second, he devoted himself to developing acritical method of contemporary classical philology and applied it tohistorical research. Nevertheless, he failed to unite this criticalmethod with his own seeking of inner relations of history on ahigher dimension. This is because he differentiated 'real relations'from 'time relations' in writing history. In short, he tried to gain aunity in historical writing at the cost of regulating the process ofhistorical interpretation on the basis of the critical method. Third, hewrote history in a narrative way (similar to the work of hiscontemporary Aufklärers) although he criticized rhetoric historicalrepresentation in some of his brilliant theoretical articles. He followedthe tradition of rhetoric, whereas the historicists in the 19th centurydenounced his writing as “amateur.” They preferred brevitas to theliterary writing of history. If we consider all the points above, the case of Schlözer shows usthat there was rapid progress in the transformation from Enlightenmentto Historicism, especially in methodology and writing style.