Sonophotolytic diethyl phthalate (DEP) degradation with UVC or VUV irradiation

Abstract

This study investigated the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by sonolytic, photolytic and sonophotolytic processes. Two types of UV lamps, UVC (254 nm) and VUV (185 nm + 254 nm), were combined with ultrasound (283 kHz). The pseudo-first order degradation rate constants were in the order of 10(-1)-10(-3) min(-1) depending on the processes. The sonolytic DEP degradation rate increased with increasing applied power. Photolytic or sonophotolytic degradation of DEP when using a VUV lamp appeared to be effective because the photo II (UVC/VUV) resulted in a significantly faster degradation than the photo I (UVC) processes due to the higher photon energy and higher hydroxyl radical generation by homolysis of water by VUV. Significant degradation and mineralization (TOC) of DEP were observed with the combined sonophotolytic processes. Moreover, synergistic effects of 1.68 and 1.23 were exhibited at DEP degradation of the sonophoto I and sonophoto II processes, respectively. This was attributed to the UV-induced dissociation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by the application of US to hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, US in sonophotolytic processes can play an important role in enhancing DEP degradation. Moreover, the sonophoto II process is more effective on the mineralization and biodegradability of DEP. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.