Synthesis of C-6-Epimer Derivatives of Diacetoxy Acetal Derivative of Santonin and their Inducing Effects on HL-60 Leukemia Cell Differentiation

Abstract

Induction of differentiation is a new and promising approach to leukemia therapy, well illustrated by the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25-(OH)(2)D-3] or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Using combination of either 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 or ATRA and chemotherapy, adverse effects 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 or ATRA such as hypercalcemic effects have decreased, and long-term survival has improved. In a previous study, we demonstrated that santonin could be chemically modified into a diacetoxy acetal derivative of santonin with strong differentiation-inducing activity. In this study, we further synthesized C-6-epimer derivatives of diacetoxy acetal derivative of santonin and tested their effects on HL-60 cell differentiation. Some of the C-6-epimer derivatives themselves induced increases in cell differentiation. Especially, (11S)-3,3-(ethylenedioxy) eudesmano-13-ol-6 beta-acetate (7) was demonstrated to induce differentiation with larger than 80% of the cells attaining a differentiated phenotype. Importantly, 7 strongly enhanced differentiation of HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner when combined with either low doses of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 or ATRA. The ability to enhance the differentiation potential of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 or ATRA by 7 may improve outcomes in the therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia.